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Historique de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n

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Fond\u00e9 au Royaume Uni dans les ann\u00e9es 90, Orange s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 pour devenir un grand groupe \u0153uvrant dans plusieurs pays du monde. Il a su se r\u00e9inventer au fil des ann\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre aux mutations croissantes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. De la t\u00e9l\u00e9graphie optique \u00e0 la puissance et aux diversit\u00e9s d\u2019usage de la 5G, retour sur une histoire riche en rebondissements.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Quelques dates clefs des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications en France<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00a0\u00bb#FFBA5A\u00a0\u00bb divider_weight=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ max_width=\u00a0\u00bb80px\u00a0\u00bb height=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bb–et_global_body_font||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb16px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

L’histoire d’Orange est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e au d\u00e9veloppement des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, en particulier en France et au Royaume-Uni.<\/h3>\n

1794<\/strong><\/p>\n

Transmission du premier message t\u00e9l\u00e9graphique entre Lille et Paris, jalon historique dans les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications fran\u00e7aises.<\/p>\n

1876\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e9p\u00f4t du brevet \u00e0 l\u2019origine du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone par Alexander Graham Bell, ing\u00e9nieur britannique.<\/p>\n

1879\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9ation des Postes, T\u00e9l\u00e9graphes et T\u00e9l\u00e9phones (PTT) avec les Premiers abonn\u00e9s t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques en France et l\u2019\u00e9dition des premiers annuaires.<\/p>\n

1913 <\/strong><\/p>\n

A Nice, deux abonn\u00e9s conversent pour la premi\u00e8re fois sans l’assistance d’une op\u00e9ratrice gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un central automatique. Cette innovation technologique pr\u00e9figure l’automatisation des communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques et leur d\u00e9mocratisation future.<\/p>\n

1984 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Apparition de la carte pr\u00e9pay\u00e9e permettant de t\u00e9l\u00e9phoner depuis les cabines publiques.<\/p>\n

1988<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le groupe France T\u00e9l\u00e9com est cr\u00e9\u00e9, issu de la s\u00e9paration des PTT, et devient un acteur majeur des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications en France.<\/p>\n

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_builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ text_font=\u00a0\u00bbAlbert Sans||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbAlbert Sans||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bbAlbert Sans||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.4em\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||3px|||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb30px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb24px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Les premiers pas d’Orange au Royaume Uni<\/h1>\n

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1990<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un consortium nomm\u00e9 Communications Microtel au Royaume Uni pour concurrencer Vodafone.<\/p>\n

1994<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sous l\u2019impulsion de Hans Snook, lancement de la marque Orange sur le march\u00e9 britannique \u00e0 la place de Microtel, avec une strat\u00e9gie centr\u00e9e sur la simplicit\u00e9 et l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile.<\/p>\n

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Une expansion internationale rapide<\/strong><\/p>\n

A la fin des ann\u00e9es 90, Orange conna\u00eet une croissance rapide au Royaume-Uni et s\u2019\u00e9tend bient\u00f4t \u00e0 Hong Kong, l\u2019Autriche, la Belgique, la Suisse, et conc\u00e8de des licences dans plusieurs autres pays.<\/p>\n

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Orange sur le march\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00a0\u00bb#FFBA5A\u00a0\u00bb divider_weight=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ max_width=\u00a0\u00bb80px\u00a0\u00bb height=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ text_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb16px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb800px\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb14px\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|tablet\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Retrouvez des informations pour en savoir plus sur la transformation progressive de France T\u00e9l\u00e9com vers Orange.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En juillet 1996, une nouvelle loi est vot\u00e9e, transformant l\u2019exploitant public France T\u00e9l\u00e9com en soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme dont l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais est le seul actionnaire. Cette transformation a alors pour but de pr\u00e9parer l\u2019ouverture \u00e0 la concurrence<\/strong>\u00a0pr\u00e9vue pour le premier janvier 1998. En septembre 2004, France T\u00e9l\u00e9com devient une entreprise priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

2000<\/strong><\/p>\n

France T\u00e9l\u00e9com acquiert Orange plc pour environ 39,7 milliards d\u2019euros, int\u00e9grant ainsi toutes ses activit\u00e9s mobiles sous la marque Orange.<\/p>\n

2006<\/strong><\/p>\n

France T\u00e9l\u00e9com amorce une transformation progressive en adoptant la marque Orange pour ses offres internationales.<\/p>\n

2013 <\/strong><\/p>\n

C’est l’ann\u00e9e de bascule o\u00f9 France T\u00e9l\u00e9com dispara\u00eet compl\u00e8tement pour devenir officiellement Orange, unifiant son identit\u00e9 sous une marque mondiale synonyme d’innovation et de connectivit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e8re du mobile.<\/p>\n

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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbSection\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|0px|15px|0px|false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb|auto|-55px|auto||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6px||1px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbAlbert Sans||||||||\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Un op\u00e9rateur de premier plan<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00a0\u00bb#FFBA5A\u00a0\u00bb divider_weight=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ max_width=\u00a0\u00bb80px\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb height=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb42px|auto||auto||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb2_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bb–et_global_body_font||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb16px\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb0px|||||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

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Des d\u00e9buts d’internet \u00e0 la 5G<\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

A la fin des ann\u00e9es 90, internet se d\u00e9mocratise aupr\u00e8s du grand public. Wanadoo, filiale de France T\u00e9l\u00e9com, propose une offre simple et accessible au grand public.<\/p>\n

En 1999<\/strong>, France T\u00e9l\u00e9com lance l\u2019ADSL<\/strong> via le r\u00e9seau t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique fixe, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant encore l\u2019adoption d\u2019internet en France. Puis c\u2019est le lancement du Wifi en 2003<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Orange propose la fibre optique au domicile en 2006<\/strong>, pr\u00e9figurant l’internet tr\u00e8s haut d\u00e9bit. Parall\u00e8lement, l‘entreprise consolide son offre en adoptant Orange comme marque unique pour le mobile, l’internet, la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision et les services num\u00e9rique. <\/span><\/p>\n

L<\/span>a 4G arrive en 2012<\/strong>. Orange est alors l\u2019op\u00e9rateur qui dispose du plus vaste r\u00e9seau et en 2015<\/strong>, l’ensemble des pays couverts par Orange en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient, confirmant le leadership du groupe dans le d\u00e9ploiement des r\u00e9seaux mobiles \u00e0 haut d\u00e9bit<\/a> et son ambition de connecter le monde.<\/p>\n

En 2020<\/strong>, c’est le lancement de la 5G qui permet une hausse des d\u00e9bits et une latence r\u00e9duite, promettent un gain significatif de productivit\u00e9 pour les entreprises<\/a>. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Orange d\u00e9bute la fermeture compl\u00e8te du r\u00e9seau cuivre dont il est propri\u00e9taire, avec \u00e0 terme le d\u00e9ploiement g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 de la fibre optique sur tout le territoire fran\u00e7ais d’ici \u00e0 2030 (en accord avec le plan France Tr\u00e8s Haut D\u00e9bit du gouvernement lanc\u00e9 en 2013).\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e9veloppement de nouveaux services qui font d\u2019Orange un op\u00e9rateur multi service<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, Orange a continu\u00e9 d’enrichir sa strat\u00e9gie d’op\u00e9rateur multi-services en d\u00e9veloppant de nouveaux usages et en investissant dans l’innovation et les relais de croissance d’avenir.<\/p>\n

2006<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lancement d’Orange Money<\/strong>, service de paiement mobile en Afrique.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n

2017<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9ation d’Orange Bank <\/strong>(banque en ligne associ\u00e9e avec Groupama, qui a mis fin \u00e0 ses activit\u00e9s en 2024).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9ation d’Orange Cyberdefense<\/strong>. Orange poss\u00e8de une expertise unique en ce domaine en jouant un r\u00f4le d\u2019op\u00e9rateur et de conseil aupr\u00e8s de grands groupes, d\u2019acteurs publics et d’\u00c9tats. Il propose des solutions de protection innovantes. En 2019, Orange devient ainsi le leader europ\u00e9en de la cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9, garant de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es et des infrastructures.<\/p>\n

L\u2019entreprise a \u00e9galement diversifi\u00e9 ses activit\u00e9s en acqu\u00e9rant des services num\u00e9riques comme Deezer ou Dailymotion, tout en r\u00e9duisant la participation de l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais dans son capital.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.coachwp.fr\/orange-\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/tn344soypqm.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbblack corded electronic device\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbPhoto by Stephen Phillips – Hostreviews.co.uk\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb94%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.coachwp.fr\/orange-\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/dreamlike-street-sOdVYQQo4UU-unsplash-scaled.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bblogo wifi\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbdreamlike-street-sOdVYQQo4UU-unsplash\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb94%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.coachwp.fr\/orange-\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Capture-decran-2025-06-01-203923.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bblogo orange money\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbCapture d\u2019\u00e9cran 2025-06-01 203923″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb188px||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.coachwp.fr\/orange-\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/orange-bank-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbLogo Orange bank\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bborange bank\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb50px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||15px|false|false\u00a0\u00bb border_width_all=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_all=\u00a0\u00bb#F78800″ global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Sources :<\/h2>\n

L\u2019histoire d\u2019Orange | Orange Brand, 2024 [en ligne] | Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : https:\/\/brand.orange.com\/fr\/brand-basics\/lhistoire-dorange<\/a> | Consult\u00e9 le 20 mai 2025]<\/p>\n

L\u2019histoire d\u2019Orange, une saga technologique et humaine | Orange, [en ligne] | Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : https:\/\/www.orange.com\/fr\/groupe\/lhistoire-dorange-une-saga-technologique-et-humaine<\/a> | Consult\u00e9 le 20 mai 2025<\/p>\n

Cr\u00e9dits photos :<\/h2>\n

\u00a9Orange, \u00a9unplash-Stephen Philips, \u00a9unsplash-Dreamlike Street, logo Orange<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Historique de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9Fond\u00e9 au Royaume Uni dans les ann\u00e9es 90, Orange s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 pour devenir un grand groupe \u0153uvrant dans plusieurs pays du monde. Il a su se r\u00e9inventer au fil des ann\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre aux mutations croissantes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. 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